Science Calculators
ArrayKit’s science calculators solve the standard equations of electronics, chemistry, physics and weather. For circuits, the Ohm’s Law Calculator finds voltage, current, resistance or power from any two values, the Resistor Color Code Calculator converts color bands to ohms and back, and the Voltage Drop Calculator estimates the loss along a wire run. For chemistry, the Molecular Weight Calculator turns a chemical formula into a molar mass, the Molarity Calculator and Dilution Calculator solve M = mol/L and C1V1 = C2V2, the pH Calculator handles pH, pOH, weak acids and buffers, and the Ideal Gas Law Calculator solves PV = nRT. For physics, the Density Calculator solves ρ = m/V, the Speed Calculator finds speed, distance or time, the Projectile Motion Calculator gives range, peak height and flight time, and the Specific Heat Calculator, Wavelength & Frequency Converter and Decibel Calculator cover heat, light and sound. For components and power, the Capacitor Code Calculator, RC Time Constant Calculator, Wire Gauge Converter, Battery Life Calculator and Electricity Cost Calculator decode markings, time RC circuits, convert wire sizes and estimate runtime and running cost. For weather, the Wind Chill Calculator, Heat Index Calculator and Dew Point Calculator work from temperature, wind and humidity readings. Students, lab staff and electronics hobbyists use them for homework and bench work. Every calculation runs in your browser, so the values you enter stay on your device.
- Density Calculator — Solve density, mass or volume from the density formula ρ = m/V.
- Mass Calculator — Calculate mass from density and volume, or from force and acceleration.
- Weight on Planets Calculator — Find your weight on the Moon and other planets from mass and gravity.
- Speed Calculator — Solve speed, distance or time and convert between mph, km/h and m/s.
- Molarity Calculator — Solve molarity, moles or volume for a solution (M = mol/L).
- Molecular Weight Calculator — Compute the molar mass of a chemical formula like H2O or C6H12O6.
- Ohm’s Law Calculator — Solve voltage, current, resistance and power from any two values.
- Resistor Color Code Calculator — Convert resistor color bands to resistance and back, with tolerance.
- Voltage Drop Calculator — Estimate voltage drop over a wire run from gauge, length and current.
- Electricity Cost Calculator — Estimate the energy use and running cost of an appliance.
- Wind Chill Calculator — Calculate the wind chill “feels like” temperature from temperature and wind.
- Heat Index Calculator — Calculate the heat index “feels like” temperature from heat and humidity.
- Dew Point Calculator — Calculate the dew point from temperature and relative humidity.
- Ideal Gas Law Calculator — Solve PV = nRT for pressure, volume, moles or temperature in any common unit.
- pH Calculator — Convert between pH, pOH and ion concentration, and find the pH of weak acids and buffers.
- Wavelength & Frequency Converter — Convert wavelength, frequency and photon energy, with spectrum band and refractive index.
- Projectile Motion Calculator — Range, apex, flight time and impact for a launch at any speed, angle and height.
- Dilution Calculator — C₁V₁ = C₂V₂ solved for any variable, plus serial dilution planning for the bench.
- Specific Heat Calculator — Solve Q = mcΔT for heat, mass, capacity or temperature change, and mix two bodies.
- Capacitor Code Calculator — Decode capacitor markings to pF, nF and µF — with tolerance and reactance.
- Battery Life Calculator — Estimate runtime from capacity, voltage, duty cycle and real-world derating.
- Decibel Calculator — Add sound levels, work out distance falloff and safe daily exposure.
- RC Time Constant Calculator — Time constant, charge curve and cutoff frequency for any resistor and capacitor.
- Wire Gauge Converter — AWG to mm², diameter, resistance and ampacity for copper and aluminium.
Guides
Frequently asked questions
- What can I calculate with these science calculators?
- In chemistry: molar mass, molarity, dilutions, pH and buffers, and the pressure, volume or temperature of an ideal gas. In physics: density, speed, projectile range and height, heat energy, wavelength and photon energy, and sound levels, plus mass from density or force with the Mass Calculator and your weight on the Moon and other planets with the Weight on Planets Calculator. For electronics and power: Ohm’s law, resistor and capacitor codes, RC time constants, voltage drop, wire gauge, battery runtime and appliance running cost, and for weather: wind chill, heat index and dew point.
- How do I find voltage, current or resistance with Ohm’s law?
- Ohm’s law says V = I × R, and power is P = V × I. Enter any two of voltage, current, resistance and power in the Ohm’s Law Calculator and it works out the other two, marking which values it computed. For example, 12 V across a 4 Ω resistor gives 3 A and 36 W.
- How do I work out a solution or dilution for the lab?
- Start with the Molecular Weight Calculator, which gives the molar mass of a formula from standard IUPAC atomic weights. The Molarity Calculator converts between molarity, moles and volume, and the Dilution Calculator solves C1V1 = C2V2 and tells you how much stock to measure and how much solvent to add, with a planner for serial dilutions. The pH Calculator then estimates the pH of a weak acid, weak base or buffer from Ka or Kb.
- Do the science calculators send my values anywhere?
- No. Every science calculator runs in your browser, so the measurements, formulas and component values you enter are processed on your device and are not uploaded to ArrayKit. Reference data such as atomic weights and wire tables loads with the page.
- How accurate are the results, and which standards do they follow?
- They use textbook equations and published references: IUPAC atomic weights, the National Weather Service wind chill and heat index formulas, the Magnus formula for dew point, NEC 310.16 ampacity values in the Wire Gauge Converter and NIOSH and OSHA limits in the Decibel Calculator. Results are only as good as the inputs and the model behind them; the ideal gas law ignores real-gas effects, and voltage drop and ampacity figures are estimates. For electrical installations or safety-critical lab work, confirm against your local code and your own references.